Pulsating Combustion of a Hydrogen-Air Mixture in a Channel with Sudden Expansion

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Abstract

A high-speed turbulent reacting flow in a channel with a sudden expansion in the form of two symmetrically located steps is numerically investigated. Various combustion phases are described: initial phase with low combustion completeness and intensive one with high combustion completeness. In the intensive phase, depending on the heat release power, a pulsating (self-oscillating) combustion mode can be realized with periodic movement of the intensive heat release zone upstream and downstream and also a mode with thermal choking, in which the shock formed in the thermal throat, spreading upstream, enters the narrow injector channel part and blocks the flow. The transition to subsonic flow occurs if the heat release exceeds the total heat flux at the inlet by one and a half times or more. The pulsating mode, in which the velocity in the flow core remains supersonic, is realized if the total heat release power is approximately equal to the heat flux at the channel entrance. An analysis of the stages of the pulsating nonpremixed hydrogen-air combustion showed that the flame flashback accompanied by an increase in heat release, is caused by the boundary layer separation and the formation of a hot wall jet directed toward the step, i.e. against the core flow. After the heat source has stabilized at the beginning of the channel, the heat source power decreases due to the complete burnout of the oxidizer, as a result of which the thermal throat expands and fresh reagents enter the channel. At the end of the channel straight section, a new heat source is formed, which starts moving upstream, and the whole process is repeated periodically.

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About the authors

N. N. Fedorova

Khristianovich Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: nfed@itam.nsc.ru
Russian Federation, Novosibirsk

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. Calculation domain and boundary conditions.

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3. Fig. 2. a - Experimental (symbols) and calculated distributions of static pressure on the wall for cases without and with hydrogen injection, b - Experimental (symbols) and calculated distributions of heat fluxes.

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4. Fig. 3. a - Calculated distributions of hydrogen mass fraction in cross sections x / h = 0 (1), 2 (2), 4 (3), 6 (4), 8 (5), 10 (6) and 12 (7); b - mass-averaged homogeneity index of the mixture.

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5. Fig. 4. Integral monitor plots of: total heat release (1), volume-averaged static temperature (2), mass of H2O (3), OH (4) and HO2 (5) as a function of time.

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6. Fig. 5. Fields of static pressure (a), static temperature (b), heat release (c) and flame index (d) in the longitudinal section passing through the centre of the injection hole at time t1.

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7. Fig. 6. Fields of mass fractions of H2 (a), O2 (b), OH (c), H2O (d) in cross sections x / h = 0 (1), 2 (2), 4 (3), 6 (4), 8 (5), 10 (6) and 12 (7) at time t1.

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8. Fig. 7. Fields of static pressure (a), static temperature (b), heat release (c) and flame index (d) in the longitudinal section passing through the centre of the injection hole at time t3.

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9. Fig. 8. Mass fraction fields of H2 (a), O2 (b), OH (c), H2O (d) in cross sections x / h = 0 (1), 2 (2), 4 (3), 6 (4), 8 (5), 10 (6), and 12 (7) at time t3.

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10. Fig. 9. Fields of static pressure (a), static temperature (b), heat release (c) and flame index (d) in the longitudinal section passing through the centre of the injection hole at time t4.

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11. Fig. 10. Mass fraction fields of H2 (a), O2 (b), OH (c), H2O (d) in cross sections x / h = 0 (1), 2 (2), 4 (3), 6 (4), 8 (5), 10 (6), and 12 (7) at time t4.

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12. Fig. 11. Fields of static pressure (a), static temperature (b), heat release (c) and flame index (d) in the longitudinal section passing through the centre of the injection hole at time t5.

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13. Fig. 12. Fields of mass fractions of H2 (a), O2 (b), OH (c), H2O (d) in cross sections x / h = 0 (1), 2 (2), 4 (3), 6 (4), 8 (5), 10 (6) and 12 (7) at time t5.

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14. Fig. 13. Completeness of combustion: a - of hydrogen and b - of oxygen along the channel length. Curves 1-6 correspond to the time moments t1-t6.

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